Amino Acide ni iki

Incamake ya Acide Amino

Amino acide nibice byibanze bigize poroteyine. Nibigize poroteyine mubinyabuzima byose kandi nibintu byingenzi byubuzima. Acide Amino ntabwo igira uruhare runini mu ishingwa rya poroteyine gusa, ahubwo inagira uruhare mu buryo butandukanye bwibinyabuzima mu mubiri kandi ni ngombwa mu gukomeza ibikorwa byubuzima.

Imiterere shingiro ya aside amine

Imiterere yibanze ya aside amine igizwe nibice bitatu:

Itsinda rya Amino (-NH₂): atome ya azote ifatanye na atome ebyiri za hydrogen.
Itsinda rya Carboxyl (-COOH): Atome ya karubone ihujwe kabiri na atome ya ogisijeni, naho indi atome ya ogisijeni ihujwe na atome ya hydrogène kugirango ibe itsinda rya carboxyl.
Iminyururu ya aside amine (R matsinda R): Iminyururu yo kuruhande ya buri aside amine iratandukanye kandi igena imiterere yimiti ya aside amine nimikorere yayo muri proteyine.

Itondekanya rya Acide Amino

Ukurikije uburyo bwa synthesis hamwe nibisabwa metabolike ya acide ya amino mumubiri, aside amine irashobora kugabanywamo aside amine yingenzi na acide ya amine idakenewe.

1. Ibyingenzi bya Acide Amino
Amavuta acide yingenzi ni aside amine umubiri wumuntu udashobora guhuza wenyine kandi ugomba kuboneka mubiryo. Hano hari aside 9 zingenzi za acide kubantu bakuru na 10 kubana. Amavuta acide asanzwe akubiyemo harimo:

Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine
Phenylalanine
Yamazaki
Threonine
Methionine
Lysine
Histidine (ingenzi kubana)

2. Acide ya aminide idakenewe
Aminide acide idakenewe ni aside amine umubiri wumuntu ushobora guhuza wenyine. Synthesis yabo mumubiri mubisanzwe biterwa nizindi aside amine cyangwa metabolite. Amavuta acide asanzwe adakenewe harimo:

Alanine
Acide ya Aspartic
Acide Glutamic
Glycine
Proline
Serine
Tyrosine
Arginine (ni ngombwa kubana)

3. Ibyingenzi byingenzi bya acide
Ibyingenzi byingenzi aminide acide ni aside amine, nubwo mubisanzwe ishobora guhurizwa mumubiri, idahagije mumubiri mubihe bimwe na bimwe (nk'indwara, guhangayika kumubiri, nibindi) kandi bigomba kuboneka kubituruka hanze. Aminide acide irimo:

Cysteine
Glutamine
Tyrosine
Arginine

Imikorere ya Acide Amino

1. Kubaka poroteyine:Amino acide niyo yubaka poroteyine, kandi hafi yubuzima bwose ntibushobora gutandukana na poroteyine. Poroteyine zigira uruhare mu mirimo itandukanye mu mubiri, harimo enzyme ya catalizike, imisemburo ya hormone, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, gusana ingirabuzimafatizo, n'ibindi.
2. Inkomoko y'ingufu:Acide Amino irashobora gukoreshwa nkisoko yingufu. Iyo karubone hamwe namavuta bidahagije kugirango bitange ingufu, acide amine irashobora guhinduka glucose cyangwa aside irike ikuraho amine (deamination) kugirango itange ingufu.
3. Uruhare muri metabolism:Acide Amino igira uruhare muburyo butandukanye bwo guhinduranya umubiri. Kurugero, glutamate na acide aspartique ningirakamaro hagati ya metabolike kandi ikagira uruhare muri metabolism ya azote no gusohora imyanda.
4. Synthesis ya Neurotransmitter:Aminide acide zimwe na zimwe, nka tryptophan na tyrosine, ibanziriza imiyoboro ya neurotransmitter (nka serotonine, dopamine, norepinephrine) igira ingaruka kumyumvire, kumenya, nimyitwarire.
5. Imikorere yubudahangarwa:Amino acide nayo igira uruhare runini mumikorere yumubiri. Glutamine ni imwe mu nkomoko nyamukuru zitanga ingirabuzimafatizo, zifasha kongera ubudahangarwa no guteza imbere ingirabuzimafatizo.
6. Gusana imitsi no gukura:Acide Amino, cyane cyane amashami ya aminide acide (BCAAs, nka leucine, isoleucine, na valine), ni ngombwa mu gusana imitsi no gukura. Kuzuza aside amine nyuma yo gukora siporo birashobora gufasha kwihutisha imitsi no kugabanya kwangirika kwimitsi.

Inkomoko ya aside amine

Acide Amino irashobora kuboneka binyuze mu gufata ibiryo cyangwa muri synthesis mu mubiri. Inkomoko rusange ya aside amine irimo:

1. Poroteyine y’inyamaswa:nk'inyama, amafi, amagi, ibikomoka ku mata, n'ibindi, birimo aside amine yose ya ngombwa kandi muri rusange ifatwa nka poroteyine nziza.
2. Poroteyine y'ibihingwa:nka soya, ibishyimbo, ibinyomoro, ibinyampeke, n'ibindi. Nubwo poroteyine zimwe na zimwe z’ibimera zidafite aside amine ya ngombwa, aside aside yuzuye irashobora kuboneka hifashishijwe uburyo bwiza.
3. Amino acide: ikoreshwa nabakinnyi, abasaza, cyangwa abantu bafite ubuzima bwihariye. Mubisanzwe harimo amashami-aminide acide (BCAA) hamwe ninyongera ya aside amine imwe.

Amino Acide Metabolism

Inzira ya metabolike ya aside amine ikubiyemo synthesis no kubora. Amino acide mumubiri igira uruhare muri metabolism binyuze munzira zikurikira:

1. Kurangiza:Gukuraho amatsinda ya amino kugirango bitange ammonia isohoka mumubiri ikoresheje urea cycle. Iyi nzira irekura ingufu za aside amine.
2. Kwanduza aside Amino:Acide Amino irashobora kwimura amatsinda ya amino binyuze muri transaminase kugirango ihuze andi acide amine cyangwa metabolite.
3. Amino Acide Synthesis:Aminide acide idakenewe ikomatanyirizwa mumubiri binyuze mumihanda ya metabolike.

Kubura aside Amino no kurenza

Kubura aside amine: Kubura igihe kirekire acide aminide irashobora gutera imirire mibi, kugabanuka kwimikorere yumubiri, imitsi, imitsi, nibibazo byiterambere. Kurugero, kubura lysine na tryptophan birashobora gutuma umuntu adindira gukura, ubudahangarwa bugabanuka, nibindi.

Kunywa cyane aside amine:Nubwo aside amine ari ingenzi kumubiri, gufata cyane aside amine irashobora kongera umutwaro kumpyiko ndetse bigatera no guhindagurika. Aminide acide ikabije cyane irashobora kugira ingaruka kuri synthesis ya neurotransmitters, kandi methionine ikabije ishobora gutera ibibazo nka sclerose yimitsi.

Vuga muri make

Acide Amino ntabwo ari ibice byibanze bya poroteyine gusa, bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa bitandukanye byumubiri mumubiri. Gufata neza acide aminide ihagije, cyane cyane acide ya amine acide, ningirakamaro mukubungabunga ubuzima bwiza, guteza imbere imikurire niterambere, kongera imikorere yumubiri no gushyigikira imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Niba ushaka ibisobanuro byinshi cyangwa kuri aside Amino, nyamuneka hamagara Cassie cyangwa ukande kumurongo uri hejuru.
Imeri: Cassie@cnshybio.com
WhatsApp / Terefone: +8618809263088